The myth holds another lesson as well-one that has been fundamental to the career of Achebe, who has been called “the patriarch of the African novel.” There is danger in relying on someone else to speak for you: you can trust that your message will be communicated accurately only if you speak with your own voice. “For when language is seriously interfered with, when it is disjoined from truth . . . “It is as though the ancestors who made language and knew from what bestiality its use rescued them are saying to us: Beware of interfering with its purpose!” Achebe writes. But the structure remains the same: men ask for immortality and the god is willing to grant it, but something goes wrong and the gift is lost forever. Sometimes, Achebe writes, the messenger is a chameleon, a lizard, or another animal sometimes the message is altered accidentally rather than maliciously. The Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe recounts this myth, which exists in hundreds of versions throughout Africa, in one of his essays. Thus, men may be born again, but only in a different form. The god said that he would do as they wished, and when the dog arrived with the true message he refused to change his mind.

Wanting to punish man, the toad reversed the request, and told Chuku that after death men did not want to return to the world. But the dog delayed, and a toad, which had been eavesdropping, reached Chuku first.

In a myth told by the Igbo people of Nigeria, men once decided to send a messenger to ask Chuku, the supreme god, if the dead could be permitted to come back to life.

Chinua achebe trilogy